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Gosset,Fisher, and the t Distribution
Authors:W. H. Williams
Affiliation:Bell Laboratories , Murray Hill , NJ , 07974 , USA
Abstract:Bias has different sources. Measurement errors create “bad” data and biased estimates. But selection biases occur even with “good” data and can be both subtle and large in magnitude.

Selection biases are not easily detected by internal examination of the data. Detection is more likely by comparison with external data sources.
Keywords:Selection bias  Nonresponse  Confidence intervals  Sources of bias
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