理据性:汉语语法的特点

寻求形式和意义的对应关系,与英、法、俄、日等多种语言对比,可以发现汉语语法的理据性、规则性特别强,表达很简洁。汉语词素变化少,音节也少,汉语数词都是单音节,变体少,是彻底的十进位,严格遵守从高到低的排列顺序,数词与世界通用的阿拉伯数字更接近。能愿动词前后加“不”与数学表达式一致。汉语模拟现实世界,人名、地名、日期时间、地址的写法,遵循范围原则比较彻底,与行款一致。动补结构的语义和语法顺序体现时间顺序原则。语义语法范畴体现理据性。汉语特别重视人际关系,有主观范畴,汉语动词可以划分出“对上动词”和“对下动词”。

Characteristics of Chinese:Rationality for Chinese Grammar

About the corresponding relationship between forms and their meanings,unlike English,French,Russian and Japanese, etc,the rules of Chinese grammar are very obvious and can be explained.Expressions of Chinese meaning is concise.The morphemes of Chinese are seldom change, and the number of syllables is small.The numerals of Chinese are mono-syllable,and few of other variants.They are decimal in grain,and comply with the order from highness to lowness rigidly.They are close to Arabic numerals.The formulas of can-wish verbs and "bu" accord to logic formulas.The Chinese imitates the realistic world.Formats of calligraphy of proper nouns,dates,addresses comply with the range principle strictly,and accord to forms and arrangement of lines in calligraphy.The semantic and syntactic orders of VC embody the temporal order.Chinese embodies rationality in semantic functional categories.Chinese attaches importance to interpersonal relationships and has subjective categories.The verbs of Chinesecan be divided into upward verbs and downward verbs.