流动的文化和文化的流动——唐代以来傈僳族的迁徙及其文化变迁研究

历史上,长期的迁徙生活使傈僳族的生存环境一直处于变动之中,从甘青高原沿"藏彝走廊"到川、藏、滇交界地带,又从金沙江河谷迁移到澜沧江,进而到怒江流域,直至东南亚一带。人是文化的载体,人的流动即是文化的流动。由于频繁的战争和游耕经济生活所导致的迁徙使傈僳族的生产、生活方式不断发生变化,其民族文化就一直在流动中断层、积累、沉淀和延续,又在流动中包容、吸纳了其他民族的文化,由此使自身文化发生嬗变。本文主要以历史人类学的研究理论与方法,探讨傈僳族的迁徙历史对其民族传统文化产生的影响,即这种高山深谷间的长期迁徙,使傈僳族的传统文化成为不断流动着的文化,由此所引起的文化的封闭而又多元又成为傈僳族传统文化的基本特质。

Mobile Culture and the Flow of Culture——A Study of the Migration of the Lisu Ethnic People and the Change of Their Culture

In history,the existence environment of the Lisu ethnic people changed from time to time because of their frequent migration.The Lisu people started from Gansu-Qinghai Plateau and arrived in the bordering area of Sichuan,Tibet and Yunnan via "the Tibetan-Yi Passage".Later,they moved from the Jinshajiang River valley to the Nujiang River valley and then to southeast Asian countries.Frequent wars and land cultivation here and there had led to constant changes in their production and ways of livelihood so that the flow of their culture had undergone turns and twists.Meanwhile,the migration had also enriched their culture for they had absorbed the cultural essences of other people so that their culture tended to be diverse.This paper,from the perspectives of historical anthropology,explores the influences of the Lisu's migration history on their traditional ethnic culture.It finds out that the frequent migrations in the valleys have shaped the traditional Lisu culture so that it has taken on a mobile flavor.In other words,the traditional Lisu culture,previously in a state of closure,has now tended to be open and diverse.