“知在先”与“行为重”：朱熹知行观探究

朱熹的知行观分为三个方面:一是知行相互依赖("知行常相须"),二是知先行后("论先后,知在先"),三是以行为重("论轻重,行为重").这三个方面是从不同角度立论的:知行相互依赖是总原则,知先行后和以行为重是具体操作;知先行后强调行以知为指导,以行为重突出知依赖行的贯彻.朱熹知行观的三个方面相互联系,缺一不可,因而不可将任何一个方面孤立或夸大.王守仁对朱熹的指责恰恰是犯了将其中的一个方面"论先后.知在先"孤立看待的错误.

"Knowing Being First"and"Doing Being Significant":On Zhu Xi's Viewpoint of Knowing and Doing

Zhu Xi's viewpoints of knowing and doing can be divided into three points: first,they depend on each other;second,doing comes after knowing;third,doing is the most important.These points are drawn from different perspectives: the first one is set as the principle,the other two the specific operations;the second point focuses on knowledge as guidance,while the third emphasizes on that knowledge depends on practice.These three relates to each other closely and none is dispensable,so any of them should not be isolated or exaggerated,as the mistake made by Wang Shouren who isolated the second point in his argument against Zhu.