城市化进程中耕地立法保护

在当前中国城市化进程中，城市化建设与耕地保护陷入两难之地。为研究城市化进程中耕地立法问题，在深刻认识城市化建设与耕地保护之间矛盾关系的基础上，通过相关数据进行分析。分析认为，城市化与耕地保护之间存在着矛盾，城市化率的提高部分建立在耕地减少的基础之上；要协调城市化与耕地保护之间的关系，运用土地集约利用原理为城市化建设与耕地保护提供路径，强调城市建设也是一种经营土地的方法，城市化建设与耕地保护是相互促进的关系；运用成本-效益分析法指出城市化进程中耕地保护的原则，比较城市化建设收益与耕地占用成本价值的多寡，强调运用法律的手段协调二者的关系。针对法律关于耕地资源保护中存在的耕地产权制度不足、土地流转制度严格、激励制度相对匮乏的问题，建议进一步明确耕地产权，在坚持农村土地集体所有制度的基础上，要创新农村土地的产权制度；建立适度简易的土地流转制度，让耕地作为一种要素参与到市场的竞争中来；加大耕地补偿力度，参考市场价格，增强农民保护耕地的意愿。

Legislative protection of cultivated land in the process of urbanization

In the current process of urbanization in China, the construction of urbanization and the protection of cultivated land have been in a dilemma. In order to study the problem of cultivated land legislation in the process of urbanization, the analysis was conducted by relevant data on the basis of deeply understanding the contradiction relationship between urbanization construction and cultivated land protection. The analysis shows that there is a contradiction between urbanization and cultivated land protection, and the increase of urbanization rate is partly based on the decrease of cultivated land; to coordinate the relationship between urbanization and cultivated land protection, the principle of intensive land use is used to provide a path for urbanization construction and cultivated land protection. Emphasizing the urban construction is also a method of land management, and the relationship between urbanization construction and cultivated land protection is mutually promoted; the cost benefit analysis method is used to point out the principle of cultivated land protection in the process of urbanization, the benefit of urbanization construction is compared with the value of cultivated land occupation cost, and the use of legal means to coordinate the relationship between the two is emphasized. In view of the problems of insufficient property right system of cultivated land, strict land circulation system and relative lack of incentive system in the protection of cultivated land resources, it is suggested that the property right of cultivated land should be further clarified, the property right system of rural land should be innovated on the basis of adhering to the collective ownership system of rural land; the moderate and simple land circulation system is established to let cultivated land as an element to participate in the market competition; the compensation of cultivated land should be increased, and the farmers’ willingness to protect cultivated land should be enhanced by referring to the market price.