宋朝搜集境外信息的途径

宋朝通过内外使节、间谍、商人、僧侣、边境居民、境外人员及归正人、归明人等搜集境外信息,形成了稳定多样的信息搜集途径及外交机构到沿边机构、市舶司负责信息搜集的稳定做法。既重视境外军情政情的搜集,也获取诸国道里方位、山川形势、风俗物产等一般信息,特别注重与本国安全相关的国家和地区的信息搜集。海外贸易的发展使宋朝通过商人和境外使节获得的南海诸国信息较前代大为丰富,扩展了对境外世界的认识。

Channels for Gathering Information abroad in the Song Dynasty

In the Song Dynasty,information abroad was gathered by diplomatic envoys,spies,merchants,monks,people living in border areas,people from abroad,returned northerners and returned ethnic groups.So various steady channels for gathering information were formed,and diplomatic institutions,administrative institutions in border areas and external trade institutions were responsible for gathering information abroad.They focused on gathering information about military and political messages abroad,and also collected...