“以诗为词”辨

"以诗为词"是宋人对苏轼词的批评,辨明"以诗为词"之涵义,必须回到宋人的语境之中。对"以诗为词"正本清源之辨析,首先是一个文体学的问题。许多学者认为:是否合燕乐歌唱就是词与诗根本不同之所在。这个划分标准的不科学在于把格律和音乐这两个不同的概念混为一谈。如唐声诗合燕乐歌唱,却是诗;南宋部分词不可歌,却是词。诗词之辨实质在于教化与娱乐。诗言志,其功能目的为政治教化;词言情,其功能目的为声色娱乐。唐代词体尚未独立,与诗体混淆是一种必然的现象。针对这一阶段的曲子词创作,不可以使用"以诗为词"的概念。晚唐五代词体完全成熟,词体特征得以确立,"以诗为词"的创作随之发生。从冯延巳、李煜、晏殊、欧阳修之词作中,皆可寻觅"以诗为词"之痕迹。苏轼填词时时以柳永为靶子,融诗体于词体,努力追求一种新的审美风格,"以诗为词"创作进入新阶段。"以诗为词"拓宽歌词表现范围,成就歌词新的审美风格,对歌词发展做出巨大贡献。同时,"以诗为词"淡化或取消文体的独立性,该文体存在的意义同时被淡化或取消。即:"以诗为词"是一把双刃剑,得失并存。

An Analysis of the Concept ofTaking Poems as Ci-Poems

The sayingtaking poems as ci-poemswas a criticism made by scholars of the Song Dynasty to the ci-poems written by Su Shi.The clarification of this saying requires the retrieval of the context of the scholars from the Song Dynasty.It was first of all an issue of stylistics.Quite a lot of scholars held that ci-poems were different from poems in that they could serve as words to sing for Yan Music of the Sui and Tang Dynasties.But this criterion of division was not scientific.It was wrong because it confused m...