试析《隆中对》兼论关羽之失

诸葛亮未出茅庐便知三分天下,在刘备三顾茅庐时,便提出<隆中对>,为刘备指出发展方向和治国方略.<隆中对>前后可分两大部分.前半部分劝告刘备不要与已拥有百万之众,挟天子以令诸侯的曹操争锋;要与占据江东已历三世,国险而民附,贤能为之用的孙权结盟,不要为敌.指出刘备的发展方向是占有荆州和益州.后半部分为刘备指出五点治国方略和战略部署:(一)联吴抗曹;(二)跨有荆、益;(三)西和西戎,南抚夷越;(四)内修政理;(五)两路出军,一向宛、洛,一出秦川.这五大治国方略和战略部署,由于关羽大意失荆州而受到严重打击,使"跨有荆、益"和"两路出军"的计划落空,吴蜀联盟中断,但诸葛亮在"联吴抗曹"、"西和诸戎,南抚夷越"等方面仍取得了辉煌的成就,对开发四川、云南、贵州作出了突出的贡献.诸葛亮是三国时期一流的政治家、军事家和战略家.

An Analysis of Longzhong Strategies and the Errors of Guanyu

Zhu Geliang knew that the country would be separated into three sections before he left the thatched cottage,so he proposed Longzhong Strategies when Liu Bei visited him for the third time,telling him the way of development and government of the country.Longzhong Stratigies falls into two sections.In the first section Liu Bei is advised not to fight with Cao Cao who had millions of troops and controlled the vassals with the emperor but be aligned with Sun Quan who had obedient citizens and lots of talents and reigned the Jiangdong for three generations.The second section is about the strategies of governing the country and the fightings.Firstly,to align with Kingdom Wu to fight against Cao cao.Secondly,to obtain Jingzhou and Yichou.Thirdly,to appease Xirong and Yiyue.Fourthly,to improve the internal government.Fifthly,to dispatch two troops,one for Wan and Luo,one for Qinchuan.These five strategies failed in some way because of Guanyu's losing of Jingzhou so that they could not realize the plan to obtain Jingzhou and Yizhou and resulted in the failure of the alignment between Wu Kingdom and Shu Kingdom.But Zhu Geliang succeeded in fighting against Cao cao by aligning with Wu Kingdom and contributed a lot to the development of Yuan nan,Guizhou and Sichuan.Therefore,Zhu Geliang is a famous militarist,stragtegist as well as a politician of the first class in the Three Kingdom Period.