清水江流域苗族古歌的伦理观与社会规约

苗族古歌为苗族古代经典，作为无文字社会的口传经典不同于文字的经典叙事，苗族古歌具有民众性、日常性和表演性。清水江流域苗族古歌不仅反映了清水江苗族的祖先记忆、族群历史，而且是苗族生活的指导性原则，其“开亲歌”和“苗族贾理”即为苗族伦理观和社会规约的经典性口传文本。清水江流域苗族古歌主要从苗族的家与家族、人与自然的生态伦理和人与人的社会伦理、社会规约等方面规范着苗人的日常生活和行为准则，并模塑清水江苗族的经济社会结构。现代化以来苗族经济社会结构的转型带来了苗族伦理观与社会规约的变化，苗族行为准则的“文本”开始由口传经典转化为国家法律与制度，苗族古歌也从“日常生活”状态转化为“非物质文化遗产”的“文本”形式。

The Ethic Principles and Social Convention of the Ancient Miao Songs in Qingshui River Basin Area

The ancient Miao songs, the musical classic of the Miao people without written form, spread from mouth to mouth. The oral transition form endows it the features of popularity, life -likeness and performability. The ancient Miao songs in the Qingshui River Basin Area not only reflect ancestors＇ memory and their history in the Qingshui River Basin Area, but also contain some guiding principles about the Miao people＇s daily life, espe-cially ＂Kaiqin Song＂ and ＂Miao＇s Jiali＂ , which are the representative classic oral texts of the Miao ethic princi-ples and social convention. The ancient Miao songs in the Qingshui River Basin Area mainly restrain the people daily life and behaviors from family and family clan, ecology ethics between human beings and the nature, as well as social ethics and convention among the people, shaping the economic and social structure. Nowadays, the economic and social transformation of the Miao has brought changes in their ethics and social convention. The oral text of the Miao behaviors begins to transform itself into the state laws and regulations, and the ancient Miao songs also begin to transform their ＂daily life＂ into ＂text form＂ of ＂intangible cultural heritage＂.