美国社会福利制度及其对中国的启示

保障水平相对较低、社会救助体系健全和慈善事业发达是美国的社会福利制度的基本特征。20世纪80年代以后,美国社会福利制度的改革趋势主要表现在以下三个方面:为公共投资项目寻求非政府替代,提高社会福利服务的私有化和私营化程度、弱化联邦政府在社会福利体系中的主导作用,把社会福利制度的政策责任委托给州和地方政府以及大幅减少直接资助贫困家庭的资金补助比例,大力增加鼓励和帮助人们参加工作、自谋生路的资金比例。美国社会福利制度对中国的启示是:实现社会福利责任主体多元化、建立“低水平、广覆盖”的社会福利体系和建立“公平与效益”相结合的社会福利制度。

American welfare system and its enlightment to China

Lower security level,perfect social assistance system and developed philanthropy are the basic characteristics of American welfare system.The tendency of American welfare system reformation after 1980s includes: seeking nongovernmental substitutes for publicly funded programs,privatizing social srevice;delegating policy responsibility to state and local government;heavily reducing the proportion of the direct aids to self needed family,obviously raising the proportion of the funds which encourages and helping people to work and live on self-reliance.The enlightment which American welfare system gives to China includes multiplication the social welfare body's responsibility,establishing lower level and wider coverage' welfare system and setting up a welfare system which integrates the just and benefit.