人力资本、制度与工资差别——对大城市二元劳动力市场的实证分析

本文利用上海市外劳及本地居民就业调查的有关数据,计量分析了外劳和本地居民构成的劳动力市场的基本结构,以阐明大城市二元劳动力市场的主要特征。本文的构成如下:首先,概要说明二元劳动力市场理论的基本思路,并在此基础上提出本文的理论假说和计量分析的框架;其次,简要说明本文使用的调查数据,定量描述劳动力市场的基本特征;再次,援用Mincer的工资函数理论,计量分析人力资本、户口制度等因素与工资的关系,旨在说明城市劳动力市场的二元性质,即外劳与本地居民的市场分割性和各阶层内部的竞争性;最后,总结实证分析的要点,指出近年出现的民工荒现象主要起因于劳动力市场的制度性分割,尤其是对农民工的就业和工资歧视。

Human Capital,Systems and Differences in Wages:a Case Study on the Dual Labor-Markets in Large Cities

By the use of the related data based on the investigation into the employment of Shanghai's local citizens and laborers from other places,we have made a quantitative analysis of the basis framework of the labor market consisting of locals and workers from other places,in order to expound the main characteristics of the dual labor-markets in large cities. The following is the content of this article: (1) we have briefly explained our basic train of thoughts on the dual labor-markets,and on this basis advanced our hypothesis and developed a framework for quantitative analysis; (2) we have interpreted in brief our investigation data used in this paper and depicted in the form of quantity the basic characteristics of the labor market; (3) applying Mincer's theory about wage function,we have made a quantitative analysis of the relationship between wages and such factors as human capital,household registration system,in order to show the dual nature of the city labor market,that is to say,the separation of the labor market for local citizens and that for workers from other places,and the competition within various strata; (4) we have summed up the main points of our case study,pointing out that the shortage of workers from villages that has appeared in recent years has originated in the carving-up of the labor market in terms of system,and particularly in the discrimination against peasant-workers in employment and wages