论宋元戏曲中文人仕婚观的差异

宋代南戏和元代杂剧所表现出的两代文人之仕婚观念，有着明显的差异：宋代文人社会地位高，他们只求做官，不求做人；为了做官，不惜负心婚变，攀婚高门，他们对待仕婚矛盾的态度是仕高于婚，婚姻是为仕宦服务的，其婚姻带有明显的功利思想，这是宋代科举大盛的一个恶果。元代文人社会地位低，他们只求做人，不为做官；为了做人，他们重婚轻仕．追求理想的婚姻生活，并使自己的灵魂得到净化，这是蒙元中断科举给元代社会道德风尚带来的一个意想不到的结果。宋元戏曲中文人仕婚观的差异，是宋元社会不同文化背景、不同政治制度、不同道德风尚的形象反映，尤其反映了两代文人尊卑的道德情操和人生追求。

Literati of the Song and the Yuan as Reflected in the Drama of the Two Dynasties

A marked difference of values on marriage and government post between the literati of the Song Dynasty and those of the Yuan Dynasty is much in cvidence as reflected in the drama of the two dynasties.The literati of the Song enjoyed a high social position. What interested them was government position,not the moral sense. To pave their way to high posts, they did not hesitate,ungratefully,to break off relations with their beloved to contemplate matrimony with the girls from the families of the powerful and the wealthy. Their marriages were colored clearly with the aim of selfish gains. It was a vicious result of the imperial examination system of the Song Dynasty. Whereas the literati of the Yuan, being socially low,were keen on wholesome morality, not on high posts.They placed morality before personal official careers, purified in soul, pursuing an ideal marital life.It was an accidental unexpected outcome of the discontinuance of the imperial examination system in the Mongolian dynasty. The difference of values on marriage and government post between two dynasties' literati as reflected in the drama holds a mirror to the difference of cultural backgrounds, political systems and moral tones of the two dynasties,especially to the difference of the literati' s ethics and pursuits in life.