资本-劳动替代的技术特征及其对扩大就业的启示

资本替代劳动取决于技术因素和两者相对价格的变化，是一国工业化阶段必然经历的过程。由于体制和资本-劳动相对价格扭曲等原因，我国出现了资本对劳动的过度替代，导致经济高增长未能带来相应的就业增长。资本劳动替代具有一定的行业特征、体制特征和时序特征，针对资本一劳动替代的技术特征，采取打破行业垄断、改革完善要素市场和发展有较小替代弹性的产业等措施，可以有效减轻资本对劳动的过度替代，有利于扩大就业。

Technical features of capital-labor substitution and their implications for employment expansion

Capital replacement of labor depends on technical factors and changes in relative prices,and it is the inevitable process in a country's industrialization. Due to system and relative price distortions and other reasons,China has seen capital-labor over-substitution,resulting in high economic growth which,yet,has failed to bring about a corresponding employment growth. Capital-labor substitution has certain industrial,system and timing features. In light of the technical features,it is proposed that to break...