明清鄂西南土家族地区民族的分布与变迁

在明代及清初,鄂西南土家族地区民族分布存在土蛮集中分布的土司区和汉蛮杂居区两大区域;土司区内民族构成中土蛮占绝大多数,汉蛮杂居区内汉人、土蛮间比例几乎相等。清代改土归流后,部分土蛮人口外迁,同时又接纳大量的汉、苗等族流民,形成土蛮大分散小聚居分布,汉、苗等兄弟民族插花般镶嵌分布的格局;民族构成转变为以汉族人居多、以土蛮为少数民族主体的构成格局。明清时期导致该地区民族分布与构成及其变化的因素有自然和人文两方面,自然因素提供变化的可能,人为因素决定变化的方向。当前该地区的发展还得多从人文方面着手。

Changes of Distribution of Nationalities in Tujia Area of the Southwest of Hubei Province in Ming and Qin Dynasty

In Ming Dynasty and at The beginning of Dynasty,distribution of nationalities in Tujia area of the southwest of Hubei province had two big areas,namely, the chieftain area which was inhabited mainly by Tujia people and an area which was inhabited by Han and Tujia people.After the bureacratization of native officers in Qin Dynasty,some Tujia people moved out and meanwhile some Han and Miao people moved in.So,in these two areas,Han people took up the majority of the population,while Tujia people took up the minority.It was caused by natural and human factors.Nowadays,we should pay more attention to the human factor to develop the society and economy of this area.