析证伪主义认识前提中的不可知论色彩

证伪主义是波普尔科学哲学的主题,它以批判理性主义为认识前提。批判理性主义认为,知识的存在以个人为本位,知识的增长是一个类似达尔文生物进化的客观自主的过程,因此任何个人的理性都是有限的。归纳和证实之所以错误,从根本上说,就是它们预设了个人理性的无限性。相反,正是个人理性的有限性,使得归纳和证实不可能,因而只有证伪方法才能使对科学的检验成为可能。但是,由于波普尔把知识的存在仅局限在个人的范围内,主张知识来源的先验性,承认自在之物的存在,因而其批判理性主义具有明显的不可知论色彩。

An Analysis of the Agnosticism in the Epistemological Premise of Fasificationism

Falsificationism is the motif of K.Popper's scientific philosophy.Its epistemological premise lies in Critical Rationalism,which says that knowledge exists only in individuals,and that the growth of knowledge is an objective and independent process similar to Darwin's biological evolution and nobody's rationality is therefore infinite.Induction and positivism are mistaken because,fundamentally,they presuppose the infinitude of the individual's rationality.On the contrary,it's the finitude of individual's rationality that makes induction and positivism impossible,so it's only falsification that can make the verification of science possible.However,K.Popper's Critical Rationalism confines the existence of knowledge in individuals,and holds that knowledge is a priori,and acknowledged the existence of "thing-in-itself."It is obvious that his Critical Rationalism bears the print of agnosticism.