论文明与文化

对于文明的含义,古今中外的学者有不同的认识。目前,中国学者形成了三种代表性观点,即积极成果说、进步程度说和价值体系说;西方学者也形成了三种代表性观点,即进步状态说、要素构成说和文明文化一体说;马克思主义认为,文明具有实践性、历史性和发展性。因此,概而言之,文明是指人类社会发展的历史阶段,是人类改造自然和改造社会的积极成果,是一个民族、国家、地域或具有共同精神信仰的群体的精神财富和物质财富的总和。文明与文化既有相同点也有差异性。二者的联系表现在:(1)文化与文明的创造主体都是人;(2)文化与文明都是生产实践的产物;(3)文明是文化的内在价值,文化是文明的外在表现形式。二者的区别在于:词源含义、产生的时间、所蕴涵的内容和传播的途径、方式均不同。

On civilization and culture

The civilization is the sum of spiritual wealth and the material wealth of a nation, the country, the region or the community having the common spiritual belief. The civilization and the culture have both the same and the difference. The connection of the two shows: firstly, the creating subject of the culture and the civilization all are the human; secondly, the culture and the civilization all are products of the production practice; thirdly, the civilization is the cultural intrinsic value, the culture is the external manifestation of the civilization. The difference of the two displays: the meaning of the origin of the word, the time of producing, the containing content and the way of dissemination all are different.