The importance of self-efficacy in the moderating effects of social support on stressor-strain relationships |
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Authors: | Thomas A. Stetz Melba C. Stetz Paul D. Bliese |
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Affiliation: | a National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency, Bethesda, USA, MDb Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Springs, USA, MDc US Army Medical Research Unit-Europe, |
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Abstract: | Occupational stress research offers inconsistent findings on the moderating effects of social support on the stressor-strain relationship. This study contributes to the research literature by examining how social support's moderating effect is dependent on one's self-efficacy. Ninety-six US military police soldiers completed two surveys 3 months apart. The results showed that three out of four regression equations had significant three-way interactions. Organizational constraints×supervisor support×self-efficacy had statistically significant interactions in the prediction of job satisfaction and psychological well-being. Organizational constraints×co-worker support×self-efficacy had a significant interaction in the predicted of psychological well-being. These interactions explained between 5% and 10% of the variance in the dependent variables. Social support buffered the stressor-strain relationship when self-efficacy was high and reverse buffered the relationship when self-efficacy was low. These results indicate that interventions aimed at reducing strains by increasing social support should consider an individual's self-efficacy. Future research should consider incorporating content of communication to determine if high and low self-efficacy individuals receive or react differently to different types of communication content. |
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Keywords: | Social support self-efficacy organizational constraints work-related stress stressor-strain relationships |
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