费尔巴哈道德观的现实思考

费尔巴哈道德观以"积极的利己主义"为核心,认为利己是人的永恒本性,为了实现自己的利己主义,就必须同时考虑别人的利己主义,做到合理地节制自己和对人以爱.费尔巴哈只看到人的生物性,不理解人的社会性,其道德观是不科学的.但是,费尔巴哈道德观强调物质利益对道德的基础性地位,强调整体的"类"的利己主义,借鉴其积极因素,有助于克服传统的"超功利主义"和一般的利己主义的消极影响,澄清人们在道德中间地带的迷惘,逐步达到集体主义境界.

On the Realistic Implications of Feuerbach's Perspective of Morality

Feuerbach's perspective of morality has "beneficial egotism" as its essence: Being self-beneficial is a eternal human nature; in order to realize one's egotism, one must take care of other people's need for self-benefit; therefore, it is in his own interest to set reasonable limits to his personal desires and maintain a loving attitude toward others. We feel safe to say Feuerbach's perspective of morality as a whole is unreasonable in that it was based on the appeal to the biological basis of human beings rather than to their social nature. However, it has some positive elements in that it emphasizes material interest as the basis of morality and stresses collective "genre" egotism. These positive elements are a useful weapon to fight the traditional "super-utilitarianism" and general egotism and to lead the general public out of moral dilemma into collectivism.