劳动力密集地区非均衡流动——对河南省固始县劳动力流动及县域经济发展的调查

在劳动力密集的河南省,大量输出劳动力可以迅速促进当地经济的发展和人民生活水平的提高,但人们往往忽视从长远看过量输出导致的非均衡流动却可能束缚输出地经济的发展,笔者通过对河南省信阳市固始县为期13天的调研,对这一问题进行了研究。本文描述了劳动力的大量输出对当地经济发展的促进,着重分析了当地劳动力流动的原因,并分析了非均衡流动给当地经济未来发展带来的三个问题。文章将在前半部分从劳动力流动的环境动力和劳动力流动去向的角度,结合劳动力流动的相关理论,对谷围村劳动力流动情况进行分析,并用"吸出模型"解释劳动力非均衡流动带来的问题和产生的原因。文章后半部分从劳动力大量输出对当地县域经济影响的角度分析了在劳动力密集的固始县企业招工难且劳动力成本高于外地的奇怪现象。最后,文章对固始县为实现劳动力均衡流动而采取的措施进行了研究,总结出劳动力过量输出地区的经济发展模式即"固始模式",并对该模式进行了分析。

The Thought Arisen from Labor Non-equilibrium Flow in Labor-intensive Areas

Henan is a labor-intensive province,and large labor output indeed has boosted local development and improved people's living standards.However,people easily ignore the negative effects of excessive output,which may cause Non-equilibrium flow.After 13 days research in Gushi which is located in east part of Xinyang city,we try to explain the positive effects the labor output did to local region,at the same time,we analyze the reasons why so many people are going out and three important factors the Non-equilibrium flow may have to local villages.At the first part of passage,we mainly make analysis on the labor flows of Guwei village,with relative theories and "Aspirated Model".At the last part,we explain the reasons why it is hard to find sufficient employees and the labor costs are relatively high in labor-intensive regions like Gushi.Finally,the article tries to find solutions to achieve balanced labor exporting in local areas,and sum up "Gushi" Model by which some similar regions developed quickly in recent years.