汉代学术主体评论研究

汉代学术主体评论在不同的社会领域、学术体系、派别和个人之间进行,涉及学术研究者的立场、方法和成就诸层面,已经铸成一系列相对固定的概念,其中有代表性的是儒宗、通儒、俗儒和耆儒。一般儒生较为推崇儒宗、通儒,通儒比较轻视俗儒、浅儒,朝廷除任用一批名儒或大儒外,也很敬重宿儒、耆儒。这一学术主体评论的基本倾向,从政治和学术两方面影响着汉代学术的发展。

The Research on the Mainstream Criticism of Academics in the Han Dynasty

The mainstream criticism of academics in the Han Dynasty was performed not only in the different social fielels, but between different academic systems and schools, and among the individuals. It touched upon the aspects such as the standpoints, methods, and achievements of the academic researchers and formed a series of relative fixed concepts, among which master of scholar, know-all scholar, vulgar scholar, and aged scholar were the representatives. Generally, the ordinary scholar showed his sincere respects to the first two kinds of scholars, while the know-all scholar expressed his contempt to vulgar scholar and those who were a bit less learned than the vulgar. Besides appointing a group of famous or great scholar, the court also showed its respect to aged scholar and experienced scholar. Historically, the essential thinking of the mainstream criticism of academics influenced the academic development of the Han Dynasty politically and academically.