奥尔森困境、农民专业合作经济组织与中国农民收入增长

20世纪90年代以来,中国城乡居民收入差距处于不断扩大的趋势,其中的一个重要原因在于城乡二元体制。一种解释认为中国城乡二元体制的根源在于＂奥尔森困境＂,但从中国的实践可以看出,随着我国农民数量的不断减少,并未出现所谓的＂奥尔森困境＂。事实上,中国长期农民权利的弱化,制度成因在于农民弱势的社会等级制度,而隐藏在其背后的真正原因是由于农民利益集团的缺失,因而要大力发展农民专业合作经济组织,提高农民的组织化程度,打破目前城乡分割的二元体制,以促进农民收入增长。

On Olson Dilema,Specialized Farmer Economic Cooperation Organizations and Chinese Farmer Income Increases

The urban-rural income-gap in China has been increasingly broadened since 1990, as a result of the urban-rural dualistic structure in the country. It was interpreted as a consequence of Olson dilemma. However, the real Chinese story tells that the so-called dilemma did not occur in the course of Chinese agricultural population decreasing. The long-time weakened farmers rights are due to their inferiority in social hierarchy which is a result from absence of farmer interest group. Hence great efforts should be put to develop specialized farmer economic cooperation organizations and improve institutional capacity of farmers, so as to break the existing dual structure and enhance farmer income increase.