空间溢出效应视角下环境规制的就业效应研究

我国劳动力就业和环境规制存在显著的空间相关性,运用空间杜宾模型检验环境规制对劳动力就业的空间溢出效应,发现环境规制对劳动力就业存在显著的负向空间外溢效应,相对于地理距离空间权重矩阵而言,经济距离空间权重矩阵下环境规制对劳动力就业的负向空间溢出效应要小一些。研究结果显示,我国地方政府在环境规制上存在逐底竞争倾向,环境规制的就业创造效应仍显不足,要加强对地方政府的环境绩效考核,相邻地方政府要形成环境规制协同机制,探索不同地区环境规制的创新触发机制,倒逼企业进行绿色创新,使环境规制驱动创新带来的就业创造能弥补因污染产业减少带来的就业损失。

Effect of Environmental Regulation on Employment from the Perspective of Spatial Spillover Effect

There is a significant spatial correlation between labor force employment and environmental regulations in China.Using spatial Durbin model,this paper empirically tests the spatial spillover effect of environmental regulation on labor employment.The research results show that environmental regulation has a significant negative spillover effect on employment,but the negative spatial spillover effect of environmental regulation on employment under the economic distance spatial weight matrix is smaller than that under the geographic distance spatial weight matrix.Local governments have a tendency to compete for the bottom in environmental regulations,and the employment creation effect of environmental regulations is still insufficient.It is necessary to strengthen the environmental performance assessment of local governments,build a coordination mechanism for environmental regulation among neighboring local governments,explore innovation trigger mechanisms of environmental regulation in different regions,encourage companies to carry out green innovation,and make the employment creation from innovation driven by environmental regulation compensate for the loss of employment caused by the reduction of polluting industries.