论责任拒绝现象的形成机制及其预防

责任拒绝作为一种防御机制，核心是为了免除责任归因所带来的内疚感和来自他人的谴责或惩罚。责任拒绝的典型方式有两种：一是寻找借口，二是极力辩解。除了因为无知而拒绝责任外，责任拒绝的成因主要有四类：责任观念淡漠，责任扩散效应的影响，逃避谴责或惩罚，避免付出代价。预防责任拒绝一是要强化立法与执法效能，二是要增强公民法律意识，三是要加强公民道德建设，四是要发挥舆论导向和监督作用，五是要提高国民知识素养。

Denial of Responsibility:Cause and Prevention

As a mental defense mechanism, the core of denial of responsibility is to avoid self-accusation and to escape censure and punishment from others due to responsibility attributions. There are two typical ways of denial of responsibility, namely, arguments to deny or to reduce responsibility and arguments used to deny or to reduce blameworthiness. Besides ignorance, there are four causes of denial of responsibility： （1） indifferent to one＇s own responsibility, the effect of diffusion of responsibility, escaping censure and punishment, refusing to pay out something one should pay out. This paper suggests five ways to prevent the phenomenon of denial of responsibility： （1） perfecting judiciary system; （2） improving the legal consciousness of the citizens; （3） reinforcing the moral-raising of the citizens; （4） exerting the guiding and supervising roles of public opinions; （5） increasing the knowledge level of citizens.