明代陕北蒙汉边界区军事城镇的商业化

明对蒙古的战争贯穿明王朝始终 ,在双方边界形成绵长的军事争战地带 ,影响到这一地区正常的行政建置与经济发展。陕西北部地区正处于这一地带之内 ,为加强防御 ,明王朝在这一地区修筑边墙 ,扩大驻军规模 ,构建军事交通线 ,布设营堡。明代中期以后 ,这些营堡 ,即军事城镇扩大之后 ,军事消费增多 ,加速了该区域商品流通 ,形成商业化的发展趋势

The Commercialization of the Military Towns in the Mongolia-Han Border Area of Northern Shaanxi in the Ming Dynasty

The fundamental mode of the remuneration distribution for the government officers in the early period of the Northern Wei Dynasty was established in the reign of Tuoba Gui. In the establishment of the state, Tuoba Gui made some profound reflections on the government organization and the system of remuneration. His thought produced very important influence on the establishment of the distributive mode of the remuneration for officers. In the early period of the Northern Wei Dynasty, the ruler of the dynasty refused to follow the stipend system of the Central Plains. Instead, there were various forms of remuneration distribution respectively applied to different groups. The mode consists of three levels. The first is the grain supply, which was to guarantee the basic needs of the officers. The second is the reward for groups, which is given especially after battles and according to the battle achievement. The third is the reward for individuals.