宋朝逃田产权制度与地方政府管理职能变迁

比起唐朝五代 ,宋朝逃田产权制度变迁的特点 ,一是更加法制化 ,制定了“逃田法”、“远年无案籍逃田法”、逃田“请佃法”之类的专项法规 ;经常以诏敕的形式对这些“常法”作临时调整 ;官府在处理逃田产权时 ,更加注重以法律文书或者官府文书为据。二是制度更加细化 ,对逃亡原因不同的逃户的土地所有权的保留期限、复业后的收益权等作出不同规定。三是制定和调整政策时的财政考虑更加突出 ,更多地采用田赋减免措施 ,调整逃田收益权在官民之间的分配。四是南宋进一步加强对“请射”或“权佃”逃田者的权益保护。同时 ,中央对地方政府实施逃田产权制度的职责规定更加明确。但是 ,受地方官员考课制度的影响 ,加上南宋以来财政困难加剧 ,地方官员上供财赋的压力增大 ,地方政府在处理逃田产权中存在着申逃不实和非法赋敛等诸多弊端 ,大大削弱了逃田产权制度对恢复和发展农业经济的激励作用

Changes in the Property Right System of the Lands Belonged to the Escaping Families and the Management Duties of Local Governments in the Song Dynasty

In comparison with the Tang and Five Dynasties, the characters of the changes in the property system of the lands belonged to the escaping families were more legalized, more detailed, more considerate on the financial factor when making and altering the policy, and the protection to the land managers was strengthened. At the same time, the Central Government made more definite rules upon the duties that the local governments implementing the land property right system. But due to the influence of the examination system to the local officials and their financial pressure, the malpractices of false and illegal were still existing, thus the stimulating function of the land property right system to resuming and developing the agricultural economy.