不同类型环境规制对碳排放效率的影响

不同类型的环境规制会对市场的资源配置产生不同影响,进而对碳排放效率产生明显的差异作用。基于全要素视角,运用非径向、非角度的SBM超效率模型对中国2008—2016年30个省市的碳排放效率进行测算,以此为基础,探求命令控制、市场激励与自愿意识三种环境规制类型对中国不同区域碳排放效率产生影响的差异性。结果显示:（1）全国层面上,命令控制型、市场激励型与综合环境规制强度同碳排放效率间呈现“U形”变化趋势,即随着环境规制强度的增强,影响的主导力量由“倒退效应”转变为“倒逼效应”;（2）区域层面上,东部地区命令控制型平均规制水平已跨越曲线拐点,实现“倒逼效应”,但中部与西部地区尚未超过拐点值,而对于市场激励型与自愿意识型环境规制,目前各区域“倒退效应”仍处于主导地位;（3）三大区域中,东部地区依靠市场激励手段解决环境问题更有效率,而对于中部与西部地区而言,命令控制型环境规制仍处于主体地位,且能够发挥更有效的作用。针对不同地区提出选择科学的环境规制工具,制定合理的环境规制强度等政策建议。

Effects of Different Types of Environmental Regulations on Carbon Emission Efficiency

Different types of environmental regulations will have different impacts on the allocation of resources in the market, which in turn will lead to significant differences in carbon emissions efficiency. Based on the perspective of all factors, non-radial and non-angle SBM super-efficiency models were adopted to measure the carbon emission efficiency of 30 provinces and cities in China from 2008 to 2016. On this basis, the differences of the impacts of three types of environmental regulations on carbon emission efficiency in different regions of China were explored. The results show that:(1)At the national level, there is a "U-shaped" change trend between the intensity of command control, market incentive and comprehensive environmental regulation and carbon emission efficiency, that is, as the intensity of environmental regulation increases, the dominant force of influence changes from "retrogression effect" to "anti-driving effect". (2)At the regional level, the command-controlled average regulation level in the eastern region has crossed the inflection point of the curve, realizing the "anti-driving effect", while the value of the inflection point has not yet been exceeded in the central and western regions. At present,the "retrogression effect" is still in the dominant position for market incentives and voluntary conscious environmental regulation. (3)In the three major regions, the eastern region relies on market incentives to solve environmental problems more efficiently, while for the central and western regions, command-and-control environmental regulation is still in the dominant position and plays a more effective role. This paper puts forward policy suggestions such as choosing scientific environmental regulation tools and reasonable environmental regulation intensity for different regions.