论雇主转承责任构成要件的理论基础与适用规则

各国的立法和判例对雇主转承责任构成要件的规定不尽一致。从理论上来说,雇主转承责任的构成要件可以归纳为三个方面:雇佣关系的存在、受雇人执行职务的行为、受雇人的行为是侵权行为。我国最高人民法院的司法解释对雇主转承责任构成要件进行了规定,但是不尽完善,未来的民法典需要对此予以完善,严格区分受雇人和独立订约人的界限,明确规定受雇人的职务范围。

Theory foundations and applying rules of construction element of employer's vicarious liability

There are different provisions of construction element of employer's vicarious liability in different countries and regions.There exist three aspects in the construction element of employer's vicarious liability: employing relations,the behavior of carrying out the job and the torting of job.Judicatory interpretation in China about the construction element of employer's vicarious liability is imperfect.The future civil code needs to be given perfect provisions,which should mark off employee and independent contractor strictly and stipulate definitely the job scopes of the employee.