辉煌与沉寂:19世纪西方法律人类学学术史述评

19世纪中叶,巴霍芬、麦克伦南、梅恩、摩尔根关于人类社会制度史的著作问世,标志着法律人类学在欧美学术界开始形成。19世纪的法律人类学家用他们的著作回应当时的社会变革和理论思潮,并实现了自己的学术目标,即用进化论重构社会制度史,论证现行制度的优越性,寻找新的研究方法。他们的研究奠定了早期人类学的理论基础,也为法学和人类学贡献了比较研究和历史研究的方法论。然而,由于资料的匮乏和基本理论的缺陷,19世纪的法律人类学很快从辉煌走向沉寂,完成了它为人类学奠基的历史使命。

Grandeur and Quiescence:A Review of the Academic History of Western Legal Anthropology of 19 Century

In the middle of the nineteenth century,the works about institutional history of human society written by Bachofen,Mclennen,Maine,Morgen,were published,marking the forming of legal anthropology in European and American academia.The legal anthropologists of the nineteenth century responded by their works to the social change and theoretical trends of thought,and achieved their academic goals,that is,they wanted to reconstruct the institutional history of society with evolution theory,demonstrating the superiority of the current social institutions and looking for new research method.Their studies laid a theoretical foundation of the early anthropology,also contributed methodology of comparative research and historical research for law and anthropology.However,due to the defect of basic theory and the lack of data,the legal anthropology of nineteenth century soon went from brilliance soon to silence,and finished its historical mission for laying foundation for anthropology.