新一轮经济结构调整的路径选择

改革以来,中国经济发展一直在非均衡结构变迁过程中进行,这种超多层级的市场结构、超宽度的产业体系、多层次的地区经济结构、多元的所有制结构诱致了经济结构转变的严重滞后。随着经济全球化,新技术革命和国内短缺局面的缓和,我国经济已经到了一个不经过大幅度结构调整将难以获得进一步增长动力的关键时期。与前两次大的结构调整相比,新一轮结构调整的目标,一是通过“升级型”调整和“适应型”调整,使我国经济获得在较长时期维持较高发展速度的动力,二是通过调整,逐步形成能够对结构问题作出积极反应和调整的新机制。因而可供选择的路径,一是延长产业链,提高产业关联度,在加快存量调整时选择吸纳更多就业与技术进步相结合的产业组织模式;二是通过制度和政策创新建立能允许要素自由流动的统一市场,建立城乡之间、产业之间的互动机制。

The Path Routes for the New Round of Economic Structural Adjustment

Since the practice of opening up and reform, the economic development of China has been undergoing an unbalanced structural transformation. There exist super-multilevel market structure, super-wide industrial system, multi-layer regional economic structure and plural ownership structure, which results in great lag in the economic structural transformation. With the economic globalization, revolution of new technology and the mitigation of domestic shortage, China's economy has been in a crucial stage that no motive for further growth will be obtained unless structural adjustment has been done to a great extent. The target of the new round of economic structural adjustment is, compared with those of previous two major adjustments, on one hand, to provide China's economy with the motive for development at a rather fast speed for a rather long period by the adjustment of upgrading and adaptation, on the other hand, to form such a new mechanism as to make active response and adjustment to structural problems by solving serious structural problems. Therefore, there are two path routes available; one is to extend industrial chain, improve the correlation with other industries, and adopt the industrial organizing mode of combing more labor absorption and technological progress while accelerating previous-initiated adjustments; the other is to create a unified market which allows the free flow of production elements and establish a dynamic mechanism between urban and rural areas and between various industries, through innovation in structure and policy.