地方政府购买国土空间规划技术服务价格及效仿特征

地方政府以合同、委托等方式向社会购买空间规划技术服务已成常态,却鲜少有研究关注其价格。根据2017年1月-2020年3月全国市县层级的国土空间规划技术项目政府采购信息,分析地方政府购买国土空间规划技术服务中标价格,辨识价格形成的影响因素及效仿特征,为提高公共财政资金的使用绩效提供参考。结果表明:(1)市级和县级国土空间总体规划的采购均价分别为1928万元/项和847万元/项。经济欠发达西部地区的市级国土空间总体规划采购均价最高,达到2325.27万元/项,远高于东部和中部地区;而东部地区的县级国土空间总体规划采购价格较高,为949万元/项。(2)规划区域的国土面积、人口密度、经济水平、规划内容、城市发展定位等直接影响空间规划技术服务的采购价格。同时,因缺乏计费参考标准及成本核算办法,中标价格与已招标的同群地区趋近,这种仿效行为可能导致市级和县级地方政府的采购溢价分别达347.42万元和153.65万元,约占技术项目采购均价的18%。建议加强国土空间规划技术服务计费标准或成本核算研究,尤其经济落后市县空间规划政府采购的社会监督,重视地方规划研究机构及其人才队伍建设。

Price Status and Imitating Spillover of Local Government Purchase of Territorial Spatial Planning Public Services

It has been common for local governments to purchase spatial planning technology service from societythrough contract and commission,however few studies have been focused on the price of the service. According to the government procurement information of spatial planning technology projects at city and county levels from January 2017 to March 2020,we analyze winning bids of spatial planning services purchased by local governments and identify the influential factors of price formation and especially the spillover effect of imitating peer projects` price. It will be helpful for improving the effective use of public financial funds. The results are as follows. Firstly,the average purchase prices of municipal and county level spatial planning projects are 19.28 million yuan and 8.47 million yuan respectively. Among them,the price for municipal level spatial planning in the western regions is relatively the high,with an average of 23.25 million yuan per project,which is much higher than that in the eastern or central regions. While the purchase price of spatial planning at county level is the highest in the eastern region,with an average price of 9.49 million yuan per project. Secondly,the administrative area,population density,regional economy,planning content,urban development positioning and peer effects are the key factors that determine the prices of local government in spatial planning. At the same time,due to the lack of charging standards and cost accounting methods,the winning bid is similar to that of the peer group of areas that have invited bids. This imitation may lead to price spillovers of 3.4742 million yuan and 1.5365 million yuan for local governments at municipal and county level respectively,accounting for about 18% of the average procurement price of technical projects. of Therefore,it is suggested that local governments should strengthen the pricing standards or cost accounting research,strengthen social supervision over the purchasing market of spatial planning services,and attach importance to local governments` spatial planning research institutions and talent teams.