公共服务合同外包：理论逻辑与改革实践

不同于西方国家应对福利国家危机、提高政府服务效率与减轻财政负担的改革背景，中国政府自20世纪90年代中期以来，在倡导民生财政、转变政府职能、激发市场主体与社会活力的背景下，开始在各类公共服务领域广泛应用合同外包。为了探索中国的合同外包改革实践，从理论层面剖析合同外包的理论逻辑，指出合同外包体现着传统的等级治理模式向合同治理模式的重大转变，在实践层面上结合中国合同外包改革实践来分析中国各地方政府推行合同外包的经济、政治、社会与管理层面的动因，并进而从外包什么、外包给谁、怎样外包、外包效果四个方面来阐述合同外包在中国的实施情况。

Public Service Contracting-out：Theoretical Logic and Reform Practice

Different from the reform background of the western countries which mainl deal with crises of social welfare states, increase government efficiency and alleviate financial burdens, the Chinese government, from 1990s, started to pursue public service contracting-out in many fields of public service in the background of initiating people’ s liveli-hood finance, transforming government functions and stimulating the vigor of market and social institutions.In order to demonstrate the implementation of public service contracting-out in China, the paper firstly proposes that the theo-retical logic of contracting-out is to replace hierarchical governance with contract governance.Next, the paper analy-zes the realistic reasons of local governments pursuing contracting out in China for various reasons such as economic, political, social and management ones.Lastly the paper discusses the implementation of public service contracting-out in the aspects of what to contract out, who to get the contract, how to contract out and what effects of contracting-out.