从动机“拥挤效应”看教学激励政策设计

"拥挤效应"指当内部动机是行为发生的首要条件时,外部激励会削弱个体从事该行为的内部动机水平。教学行为本质上是由教师内部动机推动的创新行为,因此,质疑简单地使用外在奖励以激励教师教学行为的做法。为了更好地使用外在奖励,建议:(一)教学动机培育与激励制度设计一体化;(二)以教学自主权的拥有来培育教学动机;(三)"外部激励"应聚焦于教师质量。

On the Design of Teaching Motivation Policy in Perspective of the "Crowding Effects"

The "crowding effects" refers to the undermining of the individual’s internal motivational level of conducting this behavior when internal motivation is a prerequisite for a behavior to take place.The behavior of teaching is by nature an innovative behavior driven by teacher’s internal motivation.Thus this article questions the policy for it simply uses extrinsic rewards to motivate teachers’ teaching practice.In order to make better use extrinsic rewards,this article suggests:(a) the design of teaching motivation should be integrated with the cultivation and motivation systems;(b) teaching motivation should be fostered by teaching autonomy;(c) "external motivation" should focus on teacher quality.