Influence of competition level on referees’ decision-making in handball |
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| Authors: | Nicolas Souchon Andrew G Livingstone Brigitte Bardin Olivier Rascle Geneviève Cabagno Gregory R Maio |
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| Institution: | 1. Centre de Recherche sur le Sport et le Mouvement (CeRSM), UFR STAPS, Université de Paris Ouest, Nanterre, France;2. School of Psychology, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK;3. Cognition, Langues, Langage, Ergonomie (CLLE), UFR de psychologie, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France;4. Violences, Identités Politiques &5. Sports (VIPS), Université de Rennes 2, Rennes, France;6. Values In Action (ViA), School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK |
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| Abstract: | The influence of competition level on referees’ decision-making was investigated. Referees’ decisions in 90 handball games (30 games X 3 competition levels) were observed in different situations related to the advantage rule, and 100 referees from two different levels of expertise were subsequently asked to offer explanations for the competition-level effects from the first part of the study. Results revealed that at the highest level of competition referees intervened less frequently with sporting sanctions, but more frequently with disciplinary sanctions. These effects were apparent mainly in immediate intervention situations and unsuccessful advantage situations, but not in successful situations. Referees explained these effects of competition level in terms of a player competence stereotype, in addition to referees’ different expertise across competition level. The implications of the findings for understanding how status-related stereotypes impact on intervention behavior are discussed. |
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| Keywords: | Competition level stereotype content model judgmental heuristics refereeing sport |
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