30年来汉人乡村人类学发展的知识脉络与生长点

30年来,中国的汉人乡村人类学告别了传统的政治经济学和苏联民族学范式,摆脱了意识形态的束缚,立足本土经验,以文化视角认知中国,并与国外学术界开展对话。其学术立场也由自上而下转换为从文化持有者内部眼界来观察与判断社会,客观研究大小传统之间的互动,注重考察中国社会文化的多样性、历史变迁与过程。但是,虽然有了一定的理论自省意识,却难以摆脱西方学术的阴影。要走出这种不彻底的反思困境,出路还在于以本土文化观研究本土社会,防止中国人类学研究的学术内卷化。

The Knowledge Vein and Growing Point of the Rural Han Anthropology for Recent 30 Years

Since 1977,the rural Han anthropology has based itself on the native experience and tried to interact with the studies from the West.Leaving the paradigm of traditional political economy and Soviet ethnology,it connected with the West again and began to understand China from the view of culture.Breaking the shackles of ideologies,it changed the view for observing and judging the interaction between the great and little traditions from top to bottom standpoint to the perspective of the keepers of a culture or neutral view.Avoiding essentialism,it focused on the investigation of the diversity and historic change of the Han society.It is hard to get out of"the West shadow"though it has the theoretical self-awareness.In order to walk out of the difficult reflection position,we ought to integrate western theory to study Chinese society and culture with our own cultural view,so that keep the study of the Han society from the learned involution.