重返马克思的制度视域——论马克思制度分析的一般框架

马克思是较早将制度纳入理论分析的思想家,对于制度的本质、结构、功能和变迁的探讨构成了其制度分析的独特视域。马克思运用整体分析法、本质分析法和历史分析法等多种方法,揭开了制度的活动社会性的本质,然后层层递进,抓住了制度的结构及其整体性、自洽性、历史性等特性,并眼光独具,发掘了制度所蕴含的规律转换性功能、整合性功能及规范性功能,在此基础上,进一步揭示了制度变迁的形式、动力和逻辑。由此,我们可以看到,在马克思那里,已经初步建构起关于制度分析的一般框架。

Back to Marx's perspective of institutions——On the general frameworks of Marx's analysis of institutions

Marx was among the early thinkers who brought institutions into the theoretical analysis.His unique analytic perspective involves the essence,the structure,the function and the transition of institutions.By adopting the overall analytic methods,the essential analytic methods and the historical analytic methods,Marx unveiled!sociality of activity as the essence of institutions,grasped the structure of institutions and its characteristics such as integrity,self-consistence and historicity,and developed the transformation function,the integrated function and the standardizing function of institutions.On this foundation,Marx further revealed the form,the power and the logic of the transition of institutions.Therefore,it can be concluded that Marx's theory already constructed the general frameworks of analysis of institutions.