出口产品质量与技能工资差距

在全球价值链视角下,基于出口产品质量改善的权属状况,理论阐释并实证检验出口产品质量升级的全球价值链攀升效应及其对技能工资差距的影响。研究结论是:相对于利用外资获得的出口产品质量改善,体现国内要素贡献的本土出口产品质量升级更有助于出口行业攀升全球价值链;全球价值链升级拉大了技能工资差距;本土出口产品质量提高在直接扩大技能工资差距的同时,通过全球价值链攀升机制间接扩大了技能工资差距,利用外资获得的出口产品质量升级,通过负向的全球价值链攀升效应间接降低了技能工资差距;在中间投入品进口较多、加工贸易占比较高、外资参与度较高的行业,最终产品出口质量虽然较高,但并未通过全球价值链攀升机制扩大技能工资差距;高技术行业出口产品质量升级更容易拉大技能工资差距。因此,在提高本土出口产品质量,促进出口行业攀升全球价值链高端的同时,要注重高质量外贸发展与技能工资差距缩小的良性互动。

Export Product Quality and Skill Wage Gap

From the perspective of global value chain (GVC), based on the ownership status of export product quality improvement, this paper theoretically explains and empirically examines the effect of export product quality upgrading on GVC climbing and its effects on skill wage gap. The conclusions are: compared with the improvement of export product quality obtained by using foreign capital, the upgrading of domestic export product quality, which reflects the contributions of domestic factors, can help export industry to climb the GVC; the upgrading of the GVC has widened the skill wage gap; the improvement of local export product quality not only directly widened the skill wage gap, but also indirectly widened the skills wage gap through the GVC climbing mechanism; the upgrading of export product quality obtained by using foreign capital indirectly reduces the skill wage gap through the negative GVC climbing effect; in the industry with higher intermediate input import, higher processing trade and higher foreign investment, the export quality of the final products is higher, but the skill wage gap is not expanded through the GVC climbing mechanism. Therefore, while improving the local export products quality and promoting the export industry to climb the GVC, it is necessary to pay attention to the positive interaction between the development of high quality foreign trade and the narrowing of the skill wage gap.