皈依与溢出:甲午战前清政府整顿绿营略论——以规复绿营兵额为主线

国内农民战争的冲击使绿营兵制几近崩溃。战争结束后,清政府决心整顿绿营,其整军措施有二:一是补充兵额,充实编制;二是实力整顿,提高战力。总之以维持绿营经制军地位于不坠为归宿。然而绿营的强化在相当程度上并非“上(朝廷)下(督抚)同欲”之果,在具体实施过程中转变为“裁兵以练兵,节饷以裕饷”的整军路径,部分绿营军队虽然提高了待遇,改善了装备,却是通过裁减兵额而实现的,实际上是绿营内部资源的腾挪和挹注。清政府整顿绿营的行动最终演化成一场裁兵潮。

Back to or Out of the Old System: Comment on the Rectifying of Green Banner Army of Qing Government before Jiawu War——Focus on the Rectifying the Numbers of Solders of Green Banner Army

Hitted by Taipingtianguo War,The system of Green Banner Army almost collapsed.After war Qing government rectified the Green Banner Army through two ways:recruiting numbers of soldiers,rectifying Green Banner Army and improving its forces.In short it was the biggest considerition to keep the position of Green Banner Army in national defence system from declining.But rectifying the Green Banner Army was not the same aspiration to the extend between the Qing government and the directors of most provinces.The ways of rectifying the Green Banner Army changed into "disarming for training tyoops and cutting military expenditure for economical finance" in the process.A part of Green Banner Army troops were improved their salary and armament through cutting the amount of troops.In fact it was a inner transform of resources in Green Banner Army.The rectifying of Green Banner Army guided by Qing government had transformed a tide of disarmament.