历史认识真理标准的三家十二说——新时期历史认识论研究学案之二

在改革开放以来的历史认识论研究中，历史认识检验是学者们关注的重要问题之一。中国学者二般都肯定历史认识具有可检验性，因而也承认历史认识具有客观真理性。但是，在历史真理观问题上，却存在着较大的意见分歧，出现了历史真理一致论、历史真理时代一现实符合论、历史真理“历史真实”符合论等不同于一般历史真理符合论的看法。在历史认识真理标准问题上，也出现了各种不同表现形式和存在形态的社会实践标准说、时代～现实标准说、在历史哲学史上独树一帜的“历史之真”标准说等三家十二种代表性的观点。新时期以来的历史认识检验问题研究，既取得了明显的成绩，也存在着不足甚至误区，在许多方面需要进一步展开和深入地研究。

THEORIES FROM 3 SCHOOLS ON THE STANDARD OF TESTING THE VERIFICATION AND OBJECTIVITY OF HISTORICAL RECOGNITION The Second Part of the Research on the Historical Epistemology in the New Period

In the new period of reform and opening up, the inspection of history knowledge is one of the important issues in the study of the historical epistemology. Chinese scholars usually tend to admit the testability and objectivity of historical recognition. However, there are great controversies on the truth concept towards history and therefore many different theories appeared, like the theory of the consistency of historical truth, the theory of historical truth accordance between history and reality, the theory of the accordance of historical truth etc., which are different from traditional theory of accordance of historical truth. As to the problem of the standard of examining historical truth, many different theories also appeared, among which 32 theories are quite representative, like the theory of social practice standard, the theory of time-reality standard, the theory of the ＂historical truth＂ standard etc.. In China＇s new period of reform and opening up, the study on the testability of historical recognition has been carded on with rapid progress; there are still many problems need to be studied in depth.