Images of stillbirth: memory,mourning and memorial1

When a baby is stillborn, maternity units in the United Kingdom and USA encourage mothers, fathers and other family members to hold the dead baby, take photographs and gather other mementos. The rationale for these activities is that acknowledging the stillborn child helps the grieving process. In the context of conventional family photography, however, stillbirth images are contradictory. The body of the baby in the arms of his or her mother, whilst conventional in terms of pose, is unconventional in terms of content. This article explores the meaning and function of contemporary private and public stillbirth images, arguing that they help create a social identity for the baby, reconstructing the disrupted biography of the family to include the dead child, thereby allowing him or her to be remembered, mourned and memorialized; also that public stillborn images reflect the development of new mourning practices that help parents cope with a hitherto invisible loss.