对神灵的殷勤与祭祀

仪式的流程是所有与神灵和祖先相关的中国仪式中最为基础的。这些仪式所涉及的是组织仪式活动的祭祀者以及接受祭祀并能够对祭祀活动作出反应的神灵之间的一种关系。在人类学中对仪式的描述有两种范式。一种是“殷勤”（hospitality），另一种则是“祭祀”（sacrifice）。

Hospitality and Sacrifice to Gods

This article explores the two paradigms available in anthropology to make a fuller sense of the ritual. One is ＂hospitality＂, and the other is ＂sacrifice＂. The author specially analyses the complexity of Chinese ＂hospitality＂ and ＂hosting＂, and draws upon certain contrasts between his and other views. He also outlines the role in China of personal self - sacrifice, and concludes that sacrifice as self - sacrifice is a historically specific expectation and a tion of filial self - sacrifice. Hospitality to the gods, on the contrary, is the offering of a sacrificial victim in a sequence of ritual sacralisation, divined danger and lack leading to benign efficacy and completed encompassment, and then withdrawal from that danger.