“正义”思潮的盛行与古希腊城邦制度的确立

荷马时代之后所形成的希腊各邦，初时盛行的是“贵族政制”，在这种政制下，掌握政权的只是范围极其狭窄的世袭贵族阶层，他们本身并不能构成为公民集体，因而尚不能被称为城邦。但到了公元前七世纪，由于贵族与平民矛盾的加剧，古希腊社会出现了一股强劲的“正义”思潮，并进而引发了广泛的立法活动，正是这些活动使得希腊各邦社会下层的基本权利得到了保障，各邦才形成了公民集体，公民政治才最终得以确立，希腊各邦才成为真正意义上的城邦。

The Prevailing Trend of the "Justice" and the Establishing of the City-State System in Ancient Greece

The Greek states,being founded after the Homer period,carried out the "noble system" from the beginning,from which only small number of inherited noblemen were made rulers.Since they themselves had not form a citizen group,those states could not be called "city-states".But,in the 700 BC,with the fierce conflict between noblemen and citizens,there appeared a strong trend of the "justice" in ancient Greece,which caused a movement of extensive legislation.It is the movement that made safeguarded the basic rights and interests of the lower stratum of the society.And with the forming of citizen groups and the establishing of the citizen system,the states became city-states.