“原生态文化”研究的方法及其反思

“原生态文化”现象产生之后,成为众多学科尤其是人类学、民族学、文化学、文学、艺术学的研究对象,就其研究目前主要有如下立场和主张：一是“对象”的实证和科学主义范式;二是当作一种虚幻的文化观念创造和进行批判的主张;三是指认为一种民俗审美的大众化重构性实践;四是从地方或民族生计模式的文化生态知识和技能挖掘与利用的角度去研究;五是基于现代经济背景的开发与保护的思考和研究。这些研究的倾向在逻辑上把“原生态文化”活动“实体化”了,没有“主体”立场,即没有把“原生态文化”当作“人的活动”去理解,所以看不到问题的实质。“原生态文化”虽然在实践上它可以以一定的文化产物作为媒介显现,但其本质不是这些媒介物,而是“人的活动”,应从人的生产实践方面去认识和揭示。

Research Methodologies and Their Reflections on Original Ecological Culture

Since the emergence of ＂Original Ecological Culture＂ phenomenon,it has become the object of various disciplines like anthropology,ethnology,cultural studies,literature and art.About its research,positions and ideas have been formed as follows： the first is the empirical and the scientific paradigm of the research object;the second is to create and criticize the culture as an illusionary cultural value;the third is to treat it as a practice of popular folk aesthetic reconstruction;the fourth is to carry out its research on the exploitation of local or minority culture and ecological knowledge for livelihood patterns;and the fifth is the research on its exploitation and protection in the modern economic world.The tendency of these studies is logically to ＂materialize＂ the ＂Original Ecological Culture＂ activities in which there is no position of ＂subject＂,not treating ＂Original Ecological Culture＂ as ＂human activities＂ and failing leading to its essence.In practice,＂Original Ecological Culture＂ could possibly treat certain cultural products as the media.However,its essence is ＂human activity＂ instead of these media.Its essence should be understood and revealed on the basis of human production practices.