清代徽州塾师的束脩——以《徽州文书》第二辑资料为中心

塾学教育是中国古代最基础的教育,束脩是塾师的基本收入。徽州文书《门人姓名附录典故》记录了清同治年间徽州黟县宏村一位万氏塾师的束脩收入情况,通过统计分析发现:一个门人一年要向先生交三次束金,每次束金一般在500~600文,一学年就是交1500~1800文,另有鸡蛋等。以一年收门人20人计,一个塾师年收束金达30000~36000文。如此收入,比照当时、当地的物价,应属中等偏上。此个案在徽州具有典型性。

The Tutor's Emolument in Huizhou Old-Style Private School in the Qing Dynasty——Based on the Second Volume of Huizhou Documents

The Old-style Private School education was the foundation of ancient China's educational system,and emolument is the tutor's primary income.This article adopts the records of The Literary Quotations of the Names of Disciples Appendix in the second volume of Huizhou Documents to analyze the income of a tutor of Hongcun village in Yi county of Huizhou district at the Tongzhi period of Qing dynasty.Through the statistical analysis we can find that every disciple of the tutor must pay tuition fees three times a year,about 500-600 wen for each time.That is,every student should pay 1,500-1,800 wen every year,sometimes also with eggs given as gifts.So if a tutor has 20 disciples a year,then his yearly income may reach 30,000-36,000 wen.Such a yearly income,according to the local price standard,belongs to the middle level at that time.This case is quite representative in Huizhou.