论传统客家村落的纷争处理程序 --闽西武北村落的田野调查研究

传统客家村落的纷争处理程序是客家研究中一个重要而饶有兴趣的问题,但迄今尚未见有专文论述.本文试图在田野调查的基础上,结合相关历史文献,以闽西武平县北部村落为例,就传统客家村落纷争处理的几种形式、程序及其背景进行比较深入的探讨.文章认为,传统客家村落的纷争处理程序反映出,其社会管理主要依靠民间组织,实行的是基层自治,宗族领袖、地方精英在村落社区事务中发挥着组织、协调的作用,体现了村落社区内部高度的调控能力.另一方面,客家村落社会控制还存在着部落社会的种种痕迹,从一个侧面反映了客家社会文化中的非汉族因素及其法律发展的文化背景.

The Dispute Management in Traditional Hakka Villages: A Fieldwork in the Villages of Northern Wuping County, Western Fujian

The dispute management in traditional Hakka villages is an important and interesting problem in Hakka studies, but so far no special paper on this topic has been found yet. On the basis of fieldwork and historical records, the author, taking the example of the villages in northern Wuping County, western Fujian Province, attempts to do a deep study on the forms, proceedings and background of the dispute management in traditional Hakka villages. The traditional dispute management shows that social control in the localities was dependant on folk organizations, autonomy was practiced at the level of grass roots, zongzu (roughly equivalent to clan) leaders and local elite played organizing and coordinating roles in the village community affairs. All these reflect a high capacity of intern control in the village communities. On the other hand, survivals of tribal society can be found in village control among the Hakka, reflecting the non-Han elements of the Hakka socio-culture and the cultural background of its legal development.