中国大陆、中国台湾地区和日本人口问题之探讨及其对策

日本、中国大陆和中国台湾地区均处于低生育率水平,但各自所处发展阶段和面临的人口问题迥异,应对战略不尽相同:中国台湾地区地狭人稠,人口减少未必是坏事,应以稳定生育率为首要,鼓励适龄结婚,带动生育率回升,放宽移民政策,移入高素质人才,提升竞争力;日本总人口已经负增长,应鼓励生育,改革教育,坚持能力主义;中国大陆人口面临结构和数量双重压力,应以调整人口结构和控制人口数量并重为首要任务,提升人力素质。

To Explore the Population Problems of Mainland China、China Taiwan Area and Japan and Its Solvable Measures

Although Mainland China,Japan and China Taiwan area are confronted with the challenge for low fertility rate,the problems they face are different with each other due to the discrepancy of economic development and demographic transition.In this paper,we present some solvable measures of the population problems for the three countries and area:China Taiwan area ought to loosen its immigration law for absorbing high quality people,encourage people to get married to raise more children;Owing to the declination of population size,Japan should encourage people to have more childbirth and promote high level education to raise next generation with health and creativity;Mainland China need solve the problem e.g.sex ratio、unbalance development between cities and towns、aging before getting rich etc.In addition,the population policy of China should be concentrated on the age structure adjustment and birth control.