论非物质文化遗产的情境保护

作为一种活态文化,非物质文化遗产的完整样态和生动内容存在于特定情境之中。文化情境的构成要素可从两个维度来把握。从时间维度看,文化情境分为历时的传统规约和共时的环境条件两方面;从空间维度看,文化情境可分为现场情景和社会文化背景两部分。非物质文化遗产的情境保护工作有两种:一是对在现代社会仍有存活价值的文化事象应大力扶植,保护其赖以存活的土壤,使之在现代社会传承下去;二是对不适应现代社会环境,因失去存活价值而正在衰亡的文化事象,要完整地记录保存,不仅保存其文化事象,而且保存其文化情境。

On the Situation Preservation of Intangible Cultural Heritage

Intangible culture heritage as a kind of living culture,its integrated state and vivid content are in situation.The component factors of cultural situation can be recognized from two angles.From the time angle,cultural situation can be divided into two parts: diachronic rules of tradition and synchronic conditions of environment.From the space angles,cultural situation is composed of on-the-spot scene and social background.The definitions of intangible culture heritage and the explanations on its preservation in the documents of UNESCO were worked out by paying close attention to its situational factors.There are two kinds of situation preservation: On one hand,the cultural items with living values in modern society should be supported and passed on with efforts by preserving their conditions on which cultural items rely for existence.On the other hand,the decaying cultural items without living value should be taken notes and filed for reference both the cultural items and their cultural situation.