近代中国教科书审定制度的历史反思

中小学的教科书制度通常有自由制、审定制和国定制三种，这三种制度到底孰优孰劣？考察1902—1949年近代中国教科书的审定制度，从学生的个性发展、教科书质量的提高以及公民社会的形成等几个方面比较这几种制度，认为教科书自由制是其中最优的制度，而教科书国定制和审定制既不能满足学生个性发展的需要，也难以为教科书质量的改善提供持久的动力，并且对于公民社会的成长以及整个社会的民主转型可能产生不利的影响。

Historical Reflections on the Textbook Examination & Approval System in Early Modern China

On textbooks for primary and secondary schools, there are usually three systems： free adoption, examine＆ approval and national designation. To compare the advantages/disadvantages between the three systems, this paper makes a panoramic review of Chinese textbook approval system between 1902 and 1949. In terms of students＂ individual development, textbook quality improvement and shaping of civil society, it is found, free adoption system is the optimal one while the rest can neither meet students＂ individual development needs, nor produce persistent driving forces for textbook quality improvement, in addition, the two system may exert adverse influences on the growth of civil society and the democratic transition of the society.