中国煤炭资源型城市生态效率评价及影响因素分析

煤炭资源型城市是重要的能源基地,煤炭资源型城市与其他资源型城市一起,在支撑和促进我国国民经济和社会发展,同时,煤炭是被世界公认的环境危害性最大的能源。作为煤炭资源供给地的煤炭资源型城市正面临着土地资源破坏、水资源短缺、大气环境污染、水土流失、植被破坏等一系列严峻的生态问题。构建新的煤炭资源型城市的生态效率评价体系,并将科技、能源投入归入其中,对2008—2017年的27个煤炭资源型城市使用超效率SBM模型测算生态效率,应用Malmquist对其生态效率进行分解分析,运用Tobit分析影响生态效率的主要因素。结果表明,煤炭资源型城市的生态效率呈现增长的趋势;东部地区生态效率明显高于中部和西部地区;不同的城市,生态效率值存在较大差异;生态效率的增长主要是由技术进步贡献得来的,规模效率和管理水平对生态效率的提升具有正向作用。城镇化率、人均GDP、大中型企业研究和试验发展经费支出、进出口总额对生态效率值具有正向影响;科技与教育支出、能源消费总量、环境治理投资则具有负向影响。

Evaluation of Ecological Efficiency and Analysis of Influencing Factors of Coal Resource Cities in China

The ecological efficiency evaluation system for coal resource-based cities was built,and the investment in science and technology and energy were included in it.The super-efficient SBM model was used to calculate the ecological efficiency of 27 coal resource-based cities from 2008 to 2017.Malmquist was used to decompose their ecological efficiency,and Tobit was used to analyze the main factors affecting the ecological efficiency.The results show that the ecological efficiency of coal resource-based cities shows an increasing trend.At the regional level,the ecological efficiency in the eastern region is obviously higher than that in the central and western regions.At the provincial level,Hebei has the highest ecological efficiency.From the city level,the highest ecological efficiency is Tangshan;Technological progress plays a major role in the growth of ecological efficiency,while scale efficiency and management level have positive effects on the improvement of ecological efficiency.Urbanization rate,per capita GDP,research and development expenditure of large and medium-sized enterprises,and total import and export have a positive impact on ecological efficiency.Expenditure on science,technology and education,total energy consumption,and investment in environmental governance have negative effects.