对视听资料法律地位的再思考

对视听资料的法律地位一直存在“独立论”与“非独立论”之争。要解决这个问题,首先要明确视听资料应当包括什么范围。范围的确定应从视听资料的语词分析和立法考察中得出,它包括音像证据和计算机证据。“独立论”与“非独立论”之争可转换为视听资料应否归入书证的问题。音像证据和计算机证据归入书证具有部分合理性,但在我国语境下不适用。明确视听资料的法律地位,有利于建立运用视听资料的证据规则、证据调查程序和方法。

Restudying the Legal Status of Audio-visual Materials

There has always been a dispute between two opinions of regarding audio-visual evidence as "an independent category of evidence" and as "a non-independent category of evidence".To solve this dispute,we must firstly have a clear recognition of the scope of audio-visual materials.From the angles of semantic analysis and legislative study,audio-visual materials include sound-recording evidence,video evidence and computer evidence.The dispute between "independent category" and "non-independent category" can be thought to be a question of whether audio-visual materials can be classified into documentary evidence.It is to some extent reasonable to classify sound-recording evidence,video evidence and computer evidence into documentary evidence,but this is not practical in the context of our country.To clarify the legal status of audio-visual materials is helpful for the establishment of the evidentiary rules governing the use of audio-visual materials and the procedure and approaches of evidentiary investigation.