论道德的规范性与主体性问题

在人类学术研究史上,当物理学、化学还存在于哲学襁褓时,以道德为研究对象的伦理学就逐渐成为一门独立学科。但由于人们对道德问题的研究总是因所占材料不同或所站角度不同而得出不同的结论,以致对道德的本质属性问题至今仍存在着严重的分歧。这种分歧集中体现在“规范论”与“主体品性论”之争。实际上规范性与主体性是道德的两个不可分割的方面,两者的有机统一和有效结合才是道德本质得以充分体现的内在依据。“规范论”与“主体品性论”,各自强调一个方面而又忽视了另一个方面,这不仅背离道德释义的初衷,而且不利于当今建设社会主义市场经济的良好道德秩序。

On the Question of Standardization and Subjectivism of Morality

In the history of human academic research, ethics, which takes morality as the study object, had become an independent discipline when physics and chemistry was still in the cradle of philosophy. But the studies of morality often reach to different results because of different materials and different perspectives. Till now, there still exist great dispute on the question of the nature of morality. The dispute is mainly on the question of standardization and subjectivism. In fact, standardization and subjectivism are two indispensable aspects of morality. The organic unification and efficient combination of the two is the inner motivation for morality to manifest its nature. Standardization and subjectivism emphasize only one aspect but neglecting the other. This deviates from the explanation of morality and is not good to the construction of nice moral order of socialist marketing economy.